The science of Conservation studies the loss of Earth’s biodiversity and the ways that loss can be prevented. It encompasses the study of the occurrence, distribution and status of organisms (plants, animals and microbes) as well as ecosystems, genes and phenotypes. Conservationists work to protect and restore biological diversity through practices like land management, habitat restoration, education and community involvement.
Biodiversity is being lost at an alarming rate. The most significant threat is natural habitat loss, with 85% of current species facing population declines or extinction in their native environments. Natural habitats are being destroyed for agriculture, shopping centers, housing developments and more. This causes a lack of food, water and shelter for endangered plants and animals and puts stress on the whole system.
Besides habitat loss, other threats include climate change, pollution and disease. In addition, invasive species (plants or animals that are introduced to a new environment and cause harm) are another major issue for conservation. Invasive eucalyptus trees in Brazil, for example, destroy rainforests and push other indigenous species into extinction.
Effective water conservation is essential. This practice mitigates water scarcity, protects biodiversity and contributes to environmental sustainability. It is important to educate people on ways they can conserve water in their everyday lives, such as fixing leaks, using energy efficient appliances and implementing rainwater harvesting.
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