A Constitution is the fundamental law of a country, state or organization. It lays out the principles by which that entity is governed and establishes broad rights of its citizens. It also regulates the relationship between institutions of government, such as executive, legislative and judicial branches. Most Constitutions attempt to separate powers to protect against tyranny, separating power into three areas: the legislative branch makes laws, the executive branch enforces those laws and the judiciary interprets those laws in settling legal disputes.
The Framers created a federal system with limited powers and protected the rights of the people through a number of specific provisions in Article Three, which describes the court system (the judicial branch). It establishes that the Supreme Court will have original jurisdiction in all cases. It also grants Congress the authority to create lower courts and a process for appeals, and the ability to remove the president from office and declare war. It also requires the Senate to advise and consent on key executive and judicial appointments, as well as to approve or reject treaties.
One reason why the Constitution is known as a living document is because it can be amended to suit changing needs. Over the years, 27 amendments have been added to the Constitution. This flexibility allows the Constitution to adapt to changes in society while remaining true to its original principles. In doing so, it has become a successful example of how the separation and balance of powers can channel human nature toward the common good.
About the Author
